Imaging and quantifying non-radiative losses at 23% efficient inverted perovskite solar cells interfaces.

Interface engineering through passivating agents, in the form of organic molecules, is a powerful strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells. Despite its pivotal function in the development of a rational device optimization, the actual role played by the incorporation of interfacial modifications and the interface physics therein remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interface and device physics, quantifying charge recombination and charge losses in state-of-the-art inverted solar cells with power conversion efficiency beyond 23% - among the highest reported so far - by using multidimensional photoluminescence imaging.

In-Depth Chemical and Optoelectronic Analysis of Triple-Cation Perovskite Thin Films by Combining XPS Profiling and PL Imaging.

The investigation of chemical and optoelectronic properties of halide perovskite layers and associated interfaces is crucial to harness the full potential of perovskite solar cells. Depth-profiling photoemission spectroscopy is a primary tool to study the chemical properties of halide perovskite layers at different scales from the surface to the bulk. The technique employs ionic argon beam thinning that provides accurate layer thicknesses.

[Psychosocial rehabilitation in France].

For a long time in France, readaptation and reinsertion have been considered separately. While readaptation focuses on the way the patient "adapts again", reintegration looks at the place of the readaptation, the society or the group. Today, psychosocial rehabilitation encompasses both of these notions by taking into account the medical and social aspects.

[Update on "expressed emotions"].

The present article is meant to sum up the current state of scientific knowledge with regard to the concept of "Emotional Expression" and its very implementation in the clinical and therapeutical field which are well-known in anglo-saxon countries but very little applied and known in France. "Emotional Expression" (EE), which came out of research and studies undertaken by Brown (1959) and later on, Vaughn and Leff (1976), defines interaction between a schizophrenic patient and his close environment according to 3 criterium: judgmental comments and criticism, hostility, emotional over-involvement. Family surroundings are characterized by strong EE or weak EE according to the frequency and the quantity of the measures during a typical standard family-interview: the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI).