Dynamic Nuclear Polarization with Conductive Polymers.

The low sensitivity of liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be overcome by hyperpolarizing nuclear spins by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP). It consists of transferring the near-unity polarization of unpaired electron spins of stable radicals to the nuclear spins of interest at liquid helium temperatures, below 2 K, before melting the sample in view of hyperpolarized liquid-state magnetic resonance experiments. Reaching such a temperature is challenging and requires complex instrumentation, which impedes the deployment of dDNP.

National progress towards supranational climate & energy goals due to policies & their mixes? Insights from Northern & Western Europe.

The European Union's climate strategy obliges its Member States to fulfil common Climate and Energy Targets by 2030 while the Member States are free in their choice of mixes among polices and instruments providing rule-, economic-and information-focussed incentives. This paper comparatively firstly calculates in how far 11 Member States have already progressed towards these targets, based on the goals set in the National Climate and Energy Plans. Secondly, the paper quantitatively investigates in how far there is a relationship between this progress and the use of different policy-mixes of the countries.

Myocardial infarction patients in the acute care hospital: a conceptual framework for social work intervention.

This paper describes a conceptual framework for identifying myocardial infarction patients in the acute care hospital who are at risk for medical and psychosocial complications that may impede recovery. Because of their precarious medical status, these patients present special issues for social work practice. Psychosocial factors affecting outcomes are reviewed and interventive strategies are outlined.