Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in anorexia nervosa; an underestimated endocrine dysfunction among adolescents.

In patients affected by anorexia nervosa (AN) different endocrine abnormalities have been described, but, among them, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysfunction, although associated to important side effects, is underestimated and has no therapeutical options. We present a narrative literature review to investigate the HPA axis in patients with AN, in order to highlight HPA dysfunction and its effects. We also described the crucial role of HPA monitoring, and to consider eventual therapeutic and preventive strategies in AN patients.

Comparison of qPCR protocols for quantification of "Candidatus Saccharibacteria", belonging to the Candidate Phyla Radiation, suggests that 23S rRNA is a better target than 16S rRNA.

Background: Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) is a large monophyletic group encompassing about 25% of bacterial diversity. Among CPR, "Candidatus Saccharibacteria" is one of the most clinically relevant phyla. Indeed, it is enriched in the oral microbiota of subjects suffering from immune-mediated disorders and it has been found to have immunomodulatory activities.

Value Co-Creation in Telemedicine: A Qualitative Study of Pediatricians' Expectations Regarding Telehomecare Implementation in an Italian Pediatric Hospital.

Purpose: The widespread adoption of telemedicine tools poses new and little-known challenges for healthcare professionals, who are required to adapt their knowledge, skills, and work practices to this innovative scenario. Understanding healthcare professionals' expectations and concerns about adopting telemedicine can facilitate its effective integration. Therefore, drawing upon the Value Co-Creation in Healthcare model, the current study aims to investigate pediatricians' expectations regarding antecedents, outcomes, and management activities relevant to the implementation of a telehomecare service.

Ultrasound imaging for sternoclavicular joint involvement in enthesitis-related arthritis: A closer look at capsular enthesitis.

Introduction: Enthesitis-related arthritis is a specific subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis characterised by the co-presence of arthritis and enthesitis or the evidence of one of them coupled with at least two among sacroiliac joint tenderness, inflammatory back pain, presence of human leukocyte antigen-B27, acute symptomatic anterior uveitis, onset in a male child aged 6 years or older or history of spondyloarthropathy in a first-degree relative. Small joints like the sternoclavicular joint are rarely affected, and the prevalence of their involvement in enthesitis-related arthritis has been poorly assessed in the pertinent literature.

Case Report: The authors report an atypical case of left sternoclavicular joint arthritis/enthesitis in a 12-year-old male child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.