The inductive effect does not explain electron density in haloacetates: are our textbooks wrong?

The inductive effect is a central concept in chemistry and is often exemplified by the p values of acetic acid derivatives. The reduction in p is canonically attributed to the reduction in the electron density of the carboxylate group through the inductive effect. However, wave functional theory calculations presented herein reveal that the charge density of the carboxylate group is not explained by the inductive effect.

Scoping review of social workers' professional roles in primary care.

Objectives: Maximising social workers' contributions to primary care requires clarity about their scope of practice in this context. This scoping review sought to clarify what is known about social work's scope of practice in primary care settings.

Design: A scoping review design guided by the five-stage scoping review framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley and the updated JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis.

Dynamic Ion Correlations and Ion-Pair Lifetimes in Aqueous Alkali Metal Chloride Electrolytes.

Electrolytes are central to many technological applications, as well as life itself. The behavior and properties of electrolytes are often described in terms of ion pairs, whereby ions associate as either contact ion pairs (in which ions are "touching") solvent-separated ion pairs (in which ions' solvent shells overlap) or solvent-solvent-separated ion pairs (in which ions' solvent shells are distinct). However, this paradigm is generally restricted to statistically averaged descriptions of solution structure and ignores temporal behavior.

A first-principles alternative to empirical solvent parameters.

The use of solvents is ubiquitous in chemistry. Empirical parameters, such as the Kamlet-Taft parameters and Gutmann donor/acceptor numbers, have long been used to predict and quantify the effects solvents have on chemical phenomena. Collectively however, such parameters are unsatisfactory, since each describes ultimately the same non-covalent solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in completely disparate ways.

Illuminating the nanostructure of diffuse interfaces: Recent advances and future directions in reflectometry techniques.

Diffuse soft matter interfaces take many forms, from end-tethered polymer brushes or adsorbed surfactants to self-assembled layers of lipids. These interfaces play crucial roles across a multitude of fields, including materials science, biophysics, and nanotechnology. Understanding the nanostructure and properties of these interfaces is fundamental for optimising their performance and designing novel functional materials.