Publications by authors named "G Tudor-Williams"
HIV nonprogression despite persistent viremia is rare among adults who are naive to antiretroviral therapy (ART) but relatively common among ART-naive children. Previous studies indicate that ART-naive pediatric slow progressors (PSPs) adopt immune evasion strategies similar to those described in natural hosts of SIV. However, the mechanisms underlying this immunophenotype are not well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Clinical trial investigators may need to evaluate treatment effects in a specific subgroup (or subgroups) of participants in addition to reporting results of the entire study population. Such subgroups lack power to detect a treatment effect, but there may be strong justification for borrowing information from a larger patient group within the same trial, while allowing for differences between populations. Our aim was to develop methods for eliciting expert opinions about differences in treatment effect between patient populations, and to incorporate these opinions into a Bayesian analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn HLA-I signature favouring KIR-educated Natural Killer cells mediates immune control of HIV in children and contrasts with the HLA-B-restricted CD8+ T-cell-mediated immune control in adults.
PLoS Pathog
November 2021
Article Synopsis
- * In a study of over 300 children with HIV in South Africa, specific HLA alleles like Bw4 and low HLA-A expression were identified as strong indicators of better immune and viral control, unlike in adults where HLA-B plays a larger role.
- * The study also found that children with a high frequency of specific NK cell types showed better control over HIV, suggesting a potential link between immunogenetic signatures and improved outcomes in pediatric HIV cases.
Background: Elite controllers are therapy-naive individuals living with HIV capable of spontaneous control of plasma viraemia for at least a year. Although viremic nonprogressors are more common in vertical HIV-infection than in adults' infection, elite control has been rarely characterized in the pediatric population.
Design: We analyzed the T-cell immunophenotype and the HIV-specific response by flow cytometry in four pediatric elite controllers (PECs) compared with age-matched nonprogressors (PNPs), progressors and HIV-exposed uninfected (HEUs) adolescents.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has potentially had a negative impact on the mental health and well-being of individuals and families. Anxiety levels and risk factors within particular populations are poorly described.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate confidence, understanding, trust, concerns, and levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population and assess risk factors for increased anxiety.