Pulmonary Valve Replacement Timing Following Initial Tetralogy of Fallot Repair: A Systematic Review.

Pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) is a critical aspect of surgical management for patients with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). Determining an optimal timeframe for intervention is imperative, as it directly impacts long-term outcomes and the risk of complications in ToF patients. Ventriculotomy with the transannular patch is currently indicated for right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, but the patch itself can lead to pulmonary regurgitation (PR), dyspnea, and cyanosis, among other complications.

Operative course of transurethral resection of the prostate and progression of prostate cancer.

Surgery has the potential to disseminate cancer cells, and we therefore hypothesized that extensive transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP) would be followed by a worse prognosis than minor ones. For this purpose, the association between the extent of surgery, disease progression, and mortality was studied in 138 patients with prostatic cancer who had undergone TURP. The results show that a large bleed (> or = 275 ml) indicated a slightly increased relative risk of general progression of the cancer (relative risk (RR) = 1.

Free and total prostate-specific antigen serum concentrations do not help to detect prostate cancer in patients with urinary outlet obstruction.

Objectives: To determine whether different molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) obtained before transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) indicate the presence of prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: The free, total and free-to-total PSA levels were measured in 261 patients scheduled for TURP, 20 of whom had known prostate cancer. The tissue histology was compared with the PSA levels and the patients were followed for 5 years.

Effect of sucralfate on induced chemical cystitis in rabbits.

Objective: To study the histological effect of locally applied sucralfate on the urinary bladder in rabbits with chemically induced cystitis.

Materials And Methods: Sucralfate (1 g dissolved in 10 mL saline) was instilled into the bladders of six rabbits, while four controls had no instillation. The procedure was repeated 4 days later and followed immediately by 10 mL of 2% formaldehyde infused into the bladder and retained for 10 min in all 10 rabbits.