Explainable artificial intelligence with UNet based segmentation and Bayesian machine learning for classification of brain tumors using MRI images.

Detecting brain tumours (BT) early improves treatment possibilities and increases patient survival rates. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning offers more comprehensive information, such as better contrast and clarity, than any alternative scanning process. Manually separating BTs from several MRI images gathered in medical practice for cancer analysis is challenging and time-consuming.

Improving women's diet quality preconceptionally and during gestation: effects on birth weight and prevalence of low birth weight--a randomized controlled efficacy trial in India (Mumbai Maternal Nutrition Project).

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is an important public health problem in undernourished populations.

Objective: We tested whether improving women's dietary micronutrient quality before conception and throughout pregnancy increases birth weight in a high-risk Indian population.

Design: The study was a nonblinded, individually randomized controlled trial.

Dietary Habits of Female Urban Slum-dwellers in Mumbai.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Intakes of micronutrient-rich foods are low among women of child-bearing age living in slums. We investigated relationships between consumption of these foods and socio-demographic variables. METHODOLOGY: A 91-item Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered to women (n=1651) aged 16-40 yrs living in a Mumbai slum.

An inexpensive, simple, and manual method of CD4 T-cell quantitation in HIV-infected individuals for use in developing countries.

CD4+ T lymphocytes are currently the most common surrogate marker indicating immune status and disease progression with HIV infection. The cost of monitoring disease progression and response to therapy is still prohibitively expensive. Flow cytometry is the gold standard for the estimation of CD4+, but the high initial investment for this technology and expensive reagents makes it unaffordable for developing countries like India.

Influence of fluoride containing toothpaste on serum and urine fluoride levels in children.

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of fluoridated toothpaste on serum and urine fluoride levels in two groups of children with supervised brushing. As part of the study dietary intakes of fluoride were calculated from a 24 hour diet record and eight samples of water from different families were also analysed for their fluoride content.