Bioequivalence Evaluation of Topical Metronidazole Products Using Dermal Microdialysis in New Zealand Rabbits.

Comparative assessment of cutaneous pharmacokinetics (cPK) by dermal microdialysis (dMD) appears to be suitable to evaluate the bioequivalence (BE) of topical dermatological drug products applied to the skin (TDDPs). Although dMD studies in the literature have reported inconclusive BE assessments, we have addressed several methodological deficiencies to improve dMD's capability to assess BE between reference (R) and approved generic (referred to as test (T)) gel and cream products of metronidazole (MTZ). The 90% confidence interval (CI) of the geometric mean ratios for the Ln(AUC) and Ln(C) endpoints was centered within the BE limits of 80-125%.

The dose-duration effect on cutaneous pharmacokinetics of metronidazole from topical dermatological formulations in Yucatan mini-pigs.

Dermal microdialysis (dMD) permits the investigation of cutaneous pharmacokinetics (cPK) for topical dermatological drug products (TDDP). dMD involves probe implantation into the dermis and a sample collection system that restricts subjects' movements for the experimental duration. A truncated dose-duration, by TDDP removal at predetermined time-points, may help to adequately characterize the cPK in a relatively short time.

Prolonged non-invasive respiratory supports in a COVID-19 patient with severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

A pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 was declared in 2020. Severe cases were characterized by the development of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) requiring advanced respiratory support. However, intensive care units (ICU) were saturated, and many patients had to be treated out of ICU.

Diaphragm Pacing in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A European Experience.

Background: Patients with high spinal cord injury (SCI) are unable to breathe on their own and require mechanical ventilation (MV). The long-term use of MV is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In patients with intact phrenic nerve function, patients can be partially or completely removed from MV by directly stimulating the diaphragm motor points with a diaphragm pacing system (DPS).