Mosquito density forecast from flooding: population dynamics model for Aedes caspius (Pallas).

Insect population dynamics depend strongly on environmental factors. For floodwater mosquitoes, meteorological conditions are crucial in the rhythm of mosquito abundances. Indeed, rainfall triggers the egg hatching after flooding breeding sites, and temperature controls the duration of the aquatic immature development up to adult emergence.

Potency of products based on Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis: interlaboratory variations.

Six quality-control laboratories in 4 countries independently bioassayed aliquots of a flowable formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.

International indoor and outdoor evaluation of Bacillus sphaericus products: complexity of standardizing outdoor protocols.

Only one Bacillus sphaericus strain, strain 2362, is currently used commercially to control Culex larval populations. A reliable methodology, easily used, was developed to identify new strains for field application. Larvicidal activities of 3 highly mosquitocidal strains, strains C3-41, Mal, and LB24, previously selected in the laboratory, were compared with that of strain 2362 in tropical and European countries.

Resistance to Bacillus sphaericus involves different mechanisms in Culex pipiens (Diptera:Culicidae) larvae.

Field Culex pipiens pipiens (L.) mosquitoes that were collected after a control failure with Spherimos in southern France developed high resistance (> 10,000-fold) to Bacillus sphaericus crystal toxin after < 8 generations of laboratory selection. We show that this resistance is encoded by a single major recessive gene on linkage group I at 22.

Control of Culex pipiens by Bacillus sphaericus and role of nontarget arthropods in its recycling.

Bacillus sphaericus was used to control Culex pipiens breeding in a water treatment settling basin near Montpellier, France. Four treatments with 4 liters/ha (3.6 lb/acre) of commercially available B.