The purpose of our study was to examine rates of consent to participate in research in voluntarily and involuntarily hospitalized psychiatric patients in order to evaluate factors that may influence the decision to participate in research. We used logistic regression models to evaluate differences and found that involuntary patients were less likely to consent to participate. After adjustment for covariates, we found that consent rates did not differ between the involuntary and voluntary population, but that lower Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores and psychosis negatively affected the decision to consent to research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine capable of stimulating proliferation, maturation and function of haematopoietic cells. Receptors for this cytokine are composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, and are expressed in myeloid progenitors and mature mononuclear phagocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils, as well as in other non-haematopoietic cells. We have previously demonstrated that bull spermatozoa express functional GM-CSF receptors that signal for increased glucose and vitamin-C uptake and enhance several parameters of sperm motility in the presence of glucose or fructose substrates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Clonidine may be useful in controlling tobacco withdrawal and in facilitating smoking cessation. This study was developed to test the efficacy of transdermal clonidine in promoting smoking cessation.
Methods: We conducted a five-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial of transdermal clonidine in conjunction with a minimal behavioral intervention for smoking cessation.
We performed a dose-response study of ipratropium bromide as a nebulized solution in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using a double-blind crossover format. Five doses from 0.05 to 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThirty-nine excised human lungs were examined to identify early changes in the small airways, their size distribution, and their elastic recoil in relation to mild degrees of emphysema. Elastic recoil measurement, single-breath nitrogen (SBN2) tests, and FEV1 were obtained from 18 lungs with no emphysema and 21 emphysematous lungs with no greater than Grade 5 emphysema score. The mean number of alveolar attachments per brochiole was determined from all the bronchioles cut in cross section.
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