Indirect Evidence for Genetic Differentiation in Vulnerability to Embolism in Pinus halepensis.

Climate change is increasing mean temperatures and in the eastern Mediterranean is expected to decrease annual precipitation. The resulting increase in aridity may be too rapid for adaptation of tree species unless their gene pool already possesses variation in drought resistance. Vulnerability to embolism, estimated by the pressure inducing 50% loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity (P 50), is strongly associated with drought stress resistance in trees.

Francis P. McCarthy, pioneer in oral medicine.

Francis P. McCarthy MD (1883-1970) was a major pioneer in the development of the discipline of Oral Medicine in America. A 1905 graduate of Tufts Medical School, he later became certified in both pathology and dermatology.

John Hunter as an oral pathologist.

John Hunter was one of the great surgeons and anatomists of the eighteenth century and one of the greatest comparative anatomists of all time. His legacy was a museum of over 1300 specimens and anatomical preparations in the Hunterian Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons in England, and a wealth of publications on a large variety of subjects, including two books on the teeth, gingival tissues, and their diseases.

Lorenz Heister and oral disease with the original text from his papers.

Lorenz Heister (1683-1758) was the major academic surgeon of the eighteenth century. He served as an army surgeon in a number of campaigns and eventually became the professor of anatomy and surgery at Altdorf University. In 1739, he published a comprehensive book on surgery that became the standard text on the subject.