A flow scheme for cumulative assessment of pesticides for adverse liver effects.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is developing approaches to cumulative risk assessment by assigning pesticides to cumulative assessment groups (CAGs). For assignment to CAGs, EFSA relies on common toxic effects (CTEs) on the target system. The developed flow scheme for assignment to liver CAGs sequentially assesses the consistency of the CTE, its adversity, its potential to be secondary to other toxicities, its human relevance, and the relation of the NOAEL for the CTE to the overall NOAEL.

Following in Situ the Deposition of Gold Electrodes on Low Band Gap Polymer Films.

Metal top electrodes such as gold are widely used in organic solar cells. The active layer can be optimized by modifications of the polymer band gap via side-chain engineering, and low band gap polymers based on benzodithiophene units such as PTB7 and PTB7-Th are successfully used. The growth of gold contacts on PTB7 and PTB7-Th films is investigated with in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) during the sputter deposition of gold.

[Cystic dilatation of the choledochus associated with stenosis of the hepatic duct bifurcation. An analysis of a clinical case].

The authors report a case of cystic dilatation of the choledochus associated with narrow stenosis at the confluence of the left and right hepatic ducts which was found to be inflammatory on histological examination. This pathology is becoming an increasingly more commonplace clinical finding. The case reported here is particularly interesting owing to the onset of the disease and the way in which it was treated.

A pharmacokinetic model describing pulsatile uptake of orally-administered carbon tetrachloride.

Many rodent bioassays have been conducted using oral gavage for delivery of test chemicals. Highly lipophilic compounds are generally administered to rodents dissolved in corn oil, a dosing vehicle shown to influence xenobiotic toxicity, carcinogenicity and pharmacokinetics by altering chemical absorption processes. In this paper, we present a multi-compartmental description of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract linked to a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model to describe the complex oral uptake of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administered in corn oil and 0.

[Malignant tumors of the pancreas and periampullary area. Our experience].

The authors analyse and evaluate the clinical records of 45 patients treated in the last 4 years for pancreatic cancer and neoplasm of the bilioduodenapancreatic area, comparing the results with data available in the literature. In the group of patients treated with resection (12 cases), postoperative morbidity and mortality were respectively 28% and 6%, and three-years survival was 22%. The authors discuss particularly about reconstruction ways after duodenopancreatectomy, showing good results after reconstruction by Y loop sec.