Adverse drug events-Analysis of a decade. A Portuguese case-study, from 2004 to 2013 using hospital database.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to characterise adverse drug events (ADE), including both adverse drug reaction (ADR) and accidental poisoning by drugs (AP), considering age, gender, length of stay (LOS), number of deaths and year, during the period 2004-2013. Additionally distributions of the ten's most frequent ADR and AP were characterized, considering age-group and gender.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive nationwide study was conducted, based on the hospital discharges database in Portugal from 2004 to 2013, using ICD-9.

A decade of adverse drug events in Portuguese hospitals: space-time clustering and spatial variation in temporal trends.

Background: The aim of this study is to identify the distribution by municipalities of adverse drug events (ADE) in Portugal, including adverse drug reactions (ADR) and accidental poisoning by drugs (AP), on municipality/years ADE rate clustering. Also we identify areas with different trends in time.

Methods: We used a national dataset of public hospital discharges in Continental Portugal from 2004 to 2013.

Mammary ductal carcinoma in situ: a fresh look at architectural patterns.

Mammary ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS), a malignant appearing lesion on cytological and histological grounds, is in fact a non-obligate precancer. DCIS is difficult to manage and is sometimes treated more aggressively than invasive carcinoma. Although most DCIS classifications take into account the architectural growth pattern, when it comes to architecture, the literature is full of contradictory information.

[New trends in the scientific anthropo-cultural psychiatric expertise].

Starting from the "epistemological naturalization of sciences of life", the authors present the complex content of medico-legal psychiatric examination, from which will result its scientific structure. The ontological, epistemological, hermeneutical and axiological content of this type of examination emphasize its methodological structure in the purpose of combining in a creative way its humanistic and scientific features.