Hybrid Mexican axolotl and bitterling fish optimization algorithm-based spectrum sensing multi‑hop clustering routing protocol for cognitive sensor networks.

In clustered cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs), availability of free channels, spectrum sensing and energy utilization during clustering and cluster head (CH) selection is essential for fairness of time and event-driven data traffic. The existing multi-hop routing protocols in CRSNs generally adopt a perfect spectrum sensing which is not same in the practical spectrum sensing of nodes in real networks. High imbalance in residual energy between the selected CHs negatively impacts the delivery of data packets.

F wave index: A diagnostic tool for peripheral neuropathy.

Background & Objectives: Each skeletal muscle is usually supplied by two or more nerve roots and if one nerve root is affected and the other is spared, the clinically used F wave minimum latency can still be normal. An F wave index was constructed taking into consideration the other parameters of the F wave such as persistence, chronodispersion, latency, arm-length to determine its usefulness in the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy. This study was undertaken to construct the F wave index in the upper limb for the median nerve in normal healthy adult males and in patients with peripheral neuropathy and to compare the values obtained in both groups.

Cranioplasty using presurgically fabricated presterilised polymethyl methacrylate plate by a simple, cost-effective technique on patients with and without original bone flap: study on 29 patients.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of presurgically fabricated pre-sterilized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plate as a cranioplasty material.

Materials And Methods: The study group consisted of 29 patients with skull defect following decompressive craniectomy. Some patients had their original bone flap preserved and some were without it.

Determinants of Patient's Adherence to Hypertension Medications in a Rural Population of Kancheepuram District in Tamil Nadu, South India.

Context: Non-communicable diseases, no longer a disease of the rich, impose a great threat in the developing nations due to demographic and epidemiological transition. This increasing burden of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors is worrisome. Adherence to hypertension (HT) medication is very important for improving the quality of life and preventing complications of HT.