The latest progress in assay development in leishmaniasis drug discovery: a review of the available papers on PubMed from the past year.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a significant neglected tropical disease with limited treatment options that urgently requires ongoing efforts in drug discovery. Recent advances have focused on the development of new assays and methods to identify effective therapeutic candidates.

Areas Covered: This review explores recent trends and methodologies in leishmaniasis drug discovery, with a particular focus on in silico and in vitro studies, as well as in vivo validation, using animal models.

Dental maxillary sinus pathology: a CBCT-based case-control study.

This study evaluated the association between dental infection and maxillary sinus pathology, and the influence of age, sex, type of tooth, root proximity to the sinus floor, the condition of the primary maxillary ostium, and the presence of an accessory maxillary ostium in this process. Computed Tomography scans were selected, and upper posterior teeth were evaluated for the presence of apical periodontitis (AP), bone loss with furcation involvement, and endoperiodontal lesion (EPL), subsequently, sinuses were evaluated for mucosal thickening (MT) and opacification of the maxillary sinus (OMS). Logistic regression models were constructed, and Chi-squared and Fisher's tests were applied.

alpha toxin enteritis associated with pulmonary disease in a neotropical otter (, Olfers, 1818) under human care.

alpha toxin (CPA) is an important enterotoxemic pathogen linked to gastrointestinal disorders and previously associated with pulmonary disease in other mammals. A young female neotropical otter presented with lethargy, anorexia and steatorrhea, which developed within 24 hours. Veterinary care was provided under anesthesia, during which dehydration, intestinal hypermotility and pulmonary crackling sounds were identified.

Predicting prosthetic gait and the effects of induced stiff-knee gait.

Prosthetic gait differs considerably from the unimpaired gait. Studying alterations in the gait patterns could help to understand different adaptation mechanisms adopted by these populations. This study investigated the effects of induced stiff-knee gait (SKG) on prosthetic and healthy gait patterns and the capabilities of predictive simulation.

Gut microbiome and orthopaedic health: Bridging the divide between digestion and bone integrity.

The gut microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms in the digestive tract, has emerged as a critical factor in human health, influencing metabolic, immune, and neurological functions. This review explores the connection between the gut microbiome and orthopedic health, examining how gut microbes impact bone density, joint integrity, and skeletal health. It highlights mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis to inflammation in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, suggesting microbiome modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy.