Heavy Water Affects Vital Parameters of Human Melanoma Cells in vitro.

Purpose: Although regular water is composed of two hydrogens and one oxygen, referred to as HO, a small amount of water on this planet contains alternative forms of elements with different molecular weights because of the addition of neutrons. The present study was dedicated to studying the effect of heavy water (DO), in which the two hydrogens become substituted by deuterium, on the cell physiology of different human cells with particular focus on malignant melanoma cells.

Methods: Cells were cultured in regular medium in which the content of HO was gradually substituted by DO or deuterium-depleted water (DDW).

Directing adipose-derived stem cells into keratinocyte-like cells: impact of medium composition and culture condition.

Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) are known to transdifferentiate into a wide range of different cell species in vitro including along the epidermal lineage. This property makes them a promising tool for regenerative medicine to restore the epidermal barrier.

Objective: This study is dedicated to identify in vitro conditions enabling transdifferentiation to a keratinocyte-like phenotype.

PPARα agonist Wy14643 suppresses cathepsin B in human endothelial cells via transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms.

Cathepsin B has been shown to be important in angiogenesis; therefore, understanding its regulation in endothelial cells should provide fundamental information that will aid in the development of new treatment options. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic properties. We explored the influence of a PPARα agonist on cathepsin B expression in human endothelial cells.

Ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta suppresses cathepsin B expression in human endothelial cells in a posttranslational manner.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta agonists are known to have distinct anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects; though, the knowledge regarding their mode of action has thus far been limited. Different cathepsins have been shown to be upregulated in a broad range of pathological events, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis and diverse tumor entities, for example melanoma. Recent work demonstrated that cathepsin B in particular is an important pro-angiogenic protease in various pathological conditions.

AP1-dependent repression of TGFα-mediated MMP9 upregulation by PPARδ agonists in keratinocytes.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that function mainly in the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. PPAR agonists have been shown to control inflammation by inhibition of distinct proinflammatory genes. Aberrant activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and/or overexpression of its ligand, transforming growth factor-α (TGFα), are key features of both neoplastic and inflammatory hyperproliferative epithelia.