Elevated Serotonin in Mouse Spinal Dorsal Horn Is Pronociceptive.

Serotonergic neurons in the rostral ventral medulla (RVM) contribute to bidirectional control of pain through modulation of spinal and trigeminal nociceptive networks. Deficits in this pathway are believed to contribute to pathologic pain states, but whether changes in serotonergic mechanisms are pro- or antinociceptive is debated. We used a combination of optogenetics and fiber photometry to examine these mechanisms more closely.

Elevated serotonin in mouse spinal dorsal horn is pronociceptive.

Serotonergic neurons in the rostral ventral medulla (RVM) contribute to bidirectional control of pain through modulation of spinal and trigeminal nociceptive networks. Deficits in this pathway are believed to contribute to pathological pain states, but whether changes in serotonergic mechanisms are pro or anti-nociceptive are debated. We used a combination of optogenetics and fiber photometry to examine these mechanisms more closely.

Ongoing High Prevalence of Severe Immune Suppression Among Children in South Africa.

Background: Among children in Southern Africa severe immune suppression (SIS) has declined, but most continue to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) with SIS.

Setting: Using data from South Africa, we describe SIS at ART start and on ART between 2007 and 2020, among children <5 years with a CD4%/cell count at ART start and ≥1 subsequent measure.

Methods: Gap in care was defined as >9 months without a recorded visit.

Advanced HIV disease and engagement in care among patients on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: results from a multi-state model.

Objective: Despite improved access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people with HIV (PWH), HIV continues to contribute considerably to morbidity and mortality. Increasingly, advanced HIV disease (AHD) is found among PWH who are ART-experienced.

Design: Using a multi-state model we examined associations between engagement with care and AHD on ART in South Africa.

Complete Genome Sequence of Bacteriophage Eula, Isolated on Microbacterium foliorum.

Eula is a lytic microbacteriophage extracted from a soil sample collected in Statesville, NC, and isolated on Microbacterium foliorum NRRL B-24224. The Eula double-stranded DNA genome is 41,379 bp, with 69 predicted protein-coding genes and 1 tRNA. Based on gene content similarity, Eula was assigned to bacteriophage cluster EB.