Trigeminal nucleus caudalis anatomy: guidance for radiofrequency dorsal root entry zone lesioning.

Object: This study seeks to improve the accuracy of trigeminal nucleus caudalis dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) radiofrequency lesioning by quantifying the size and orientation of the nucleus caudalis.

Methods: Using serial axial photographs of 6 formalin-fixed cadaver brainstems, digital nucleus caudalis measurements were taken at 1-mm intervals from the level of the obex to the C(2) dorsal nerve roots.

Results: From the obex to the C(2) dorsal nerve roots, the nucleus caudalis decreases in width (from 2.

Falciparum malaria presenting with pruritic rashes.

Rash is not generally believed to be a symptom of malaria. Two cases of acute falciparum malaria in non-immune residents of Mozambique who presented with pruritic rashes are reported. One case exhibited classical urticaria, the other a pruritic papular rash.

Successful co-artemether (artemether-lumefantrine) clearance of falciparum malaria in a patient with severe cholera in Mozambique.

Background. Both falciparum malaria and cholera occur in Mozambique and other resource poor African countries. We report successful parasite clearance by oral co-artemether of coincidental falciparum malaria in a patient suffering severe cholera.

Haemoglobinuria in a case of Falciparum malaria treated with co-artemether.

The first reported case of haemoglobinuria in a patient treated with co-artemether for falciparum malaria is described.