Tubeless field anaesthesia for surgical removal of an aspirated endoscopy capsule.

Capsule endoscopy is a safe, minimally invasive procedure used to investigate gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin that persists or recurs after a negative initial endoscopy. The most common adverse effects of capsule endoscopy include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Capsule pulmonary aspiration, although a rare complication, has been reported in the literature.

A growth stimulus is needed for IGF-1 to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy in vivo.

Here, we characterise new strains of normal and dystrophic (mdx) mice that overexpress Class 2 IGF-1 Ea in skeletal myofibres. We show that transgenic mice have increased muscle levels of IGF-1 (approximately 13-26 fold) and show striking muscle hypertrophy (approximately 24-56% increase in mass). Adult normal muscles were resistant to elevated IGF-1; they reached adult steady state and maintained the same mass from 3 to 12 months.

Pupil dilatation does affect some aspects of daytime driving performance.

Aims: To examine the effects of pupil dilatation on driving performance and determine whether this was related to changes in standard measures of visual function.

Methods: The driving and vision performance of 16 young, visually normal participants was measured with both normal and dilated pupils. Pupils were dilated with 1% tropicamide.