Heterotopic gastric mucosa (inlet patch) in a patient with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and laryngeal carcinoma: a case report and review of literature.

The inlet patch is an area of heterotopic gastric mucosa most commonly located in the postcricoid portion of the esophagus at, or just below, the level of the upper esophageal sphincter. Esophageal and supraesophageal symptoms are commonly associated with inlet patch, while esophageal adenocarcinoma rarely complicates it. Laryngeal adenocarcinoma associated with inlet patch is not described in the literature.

Obstruction of upper airways complicating tracheostomy and use of neodymium Yag laser.

Mucoid impaction of tracheobronchial tree is a common condition which may complicate tracheostomy. Here we describe a case of a 72-year-old man, status after tracheostomy, who presented to the hospital with an acute upper airways obstruction and respiratory arrest due to a tracheal cast. The cast was successfully dislodged by the Nd-Yag laser.

Flammability of endotracheal tubes during Nd-YAG laser application in the airway.

The effects of the neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser on several commonly used endotracheal tubes were examined. Six different types of tubes were tested for flammability. Three tubes were clear, transparent polyvinylchloride with black lettering on the surface.

Management of facial angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis: use of the carbon dioxide laser.

Facial angiofibromas are estimated to occur in 90% of patients with tuberous sclerosis and can cause considerable cosmetic disfigurement, emotional distress, obstruction of vision, and hemorrhage when abraded. Postoperative wound management associated with skin grafting and dermabrasion is often difficult because patients are mentally retarded and noncooperative. Three patients with extensive facial angiofibromas were treated successfully with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, with follow-up period ranging from 8 to 48 months.