Assessing endocranial variations in great apes and humans using 3D data from virtual endocasts.

Modern humans are characterized by their large, complex, and specialized brain. Human brain evolution can be addressed through direct evidence provided by fossil hominid endocasts (i.e.

[Chemonucleolysis of disk herniation with low back pain as the single symptom: 20 cases].

Disk herniation can manifest as isolated low back pain, which is usually intermittent and accompanied with stiffness of the lumbar spine. There is almost general agreement that neither neurosurgical treatment nor chemonucleolysis is appropriate in patients with this clinical pattern. We used chemonucleolysis in 19 patients with recurrent episodes of isolated low back pain and one patient with severe permanent isolated low back pain dating back to a conservatively-treated episode of sciatica.

[Recurrent intracranial hematomas disclosing Rendu-Osler disease in a pregnant woman].

The authors report on the case of a young woman, seven months gone, with an history of sudden onset of successive lobar intracerebral hematomas. They revealed a Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. The mechanism is discussed.