Multitarget Opioid/Non-opioid Ligands: A Potential Approach in Pain Management.

Polypharmacology, or the associations between two or more drugs producing biological effects on two or more different sites of action could represent a possible therapeutic approach for the clinical management of acute and chronic pain. The multitude and complexity of neuronal mechanisms that contribute to pain transmission provide several possible targets for pharmacological intervention. Thus, multitarget ligands possessing opioid-opioid or non-opioid-opioid mechanisms of action are potential drug candidates for pain relief.

Multitarget opioid ligands in pain relief: New players in an old game.

Still nowadays pain is one of the most common disabling conditions and yet it remains too often unsolved. Analgesic opioid drugs, and mainly MOR agonists such as morphine, are broadly employed for pain management. MOR activation, however, has been seen to cause not only analgesia but also undesired side effects.

A European Competence Framework for Industrial Pharmacy Practice in Biotechnology.

The PHAR-IN ("") looked at whether there is a difference in how industrial employees and academics rank competences for practice in the biotechnological industry. A small expert panel consisting of the authors of this paper produced a biotechnology competence framework by drawing up an initial list of competences then ranking them in importance using a three-stage Delphi process. The framework was next evaluated and validated by a large expert panel of academics ( 37) and industrial employees ( = 154).

Synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfonilamidothienopyrimidinone derivatives as novel anti-inflammatory agents.

Eight new sulfonilamidothienopyrimidinone derivatives (1-8) were synthesized and evaluated for their antiinflammatory activity on the human keratinocyte line NCTC 2544. The potential anti-inflammatory activity of the derivatives (1-8) was evaluated by determining, through Western blot, the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and the release of prostaglandins (PG)E2 and interleukin- 8 (IL-8). Moreover, through ELISA assay, the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin- 8 (IL-8) was analyzed.

The antagonistic effect of the sigma 1 receptor ligand (+)-MR200 on persistent pain induced by inflammation.

Objective And Design: The sigma 1 (σ1) receptor, which is widely distributed in the CNS in areas that are known to be important for pain control, may play a role in persistent pain characterized by the hypersensitivity of nociceptive transmission. Here, we investigated the effect of σ1 blockade in an inflammatory pain model.

Treatment And Methods: An intraplantar injection of carrageenan (2 %) was used to induce paw inflammation.