Temperature effects on ribbon characteristics in soft gelatin capsule manufacture.

In the manufacture of soft gelatin capsules using a rotary-die encapsulation machine, the formation of ribbons at the cooling drums and their subsequent mechanical performance are key attributes for a smooth machinability. In this paper we present the results of a comprehensive investigation of the intricate impact of the cooling drum temperature in the range between 5 and 25 °C on the mechanical and the microstructural properties of a highly concentrated gelatin formulation (40% w/w) typically used in soft capsule manufacture. The study demonstrates that the temperature at the cooling drums strongly affects the gelation kinetics, the gel elasticity and the tensile strength of the ribbons.

Parent-child age gaps in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa and their associations with family dysfunction.

Background: Family factors are linked to the development of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). However, due to a lack of direct comparison, it is still unknown whether the two entities of eating disorders differ with respect to the age gaps between parents and their affected children.

Methods: In a cohort of 568 patients from the FamFINED study (FAMily Factors INvolved in Eating Disorders) diagnosed with eating disorders, we assessed the relationships between the parent-child age differences and family dysfunction, as determined by means of the General Family Questionnaire ("Allgemeiner Familienbogen" [FBA]).

[Do Siblings have a Different Influence on Self-Assessed Family Functioning in Patients with Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa?].

The impact of family factors, particularly the sibling status, on the development and course of eating disorders has been rarely investigated.Therefore, the aimof the present study was to assess a putative association between sibling status and self-rated family dysfunctionality in a large sample of study participants with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. A total cohort of n = 568 outpatients aged twelve years and older, of whomhalf had the diagnosis of anorexia (n = 288, 50.

[Evidence for Psychodynamic Therapy for Children and Adolescents].

In Germany, cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and systemic therapy are scientifically and legally approved as suitable procedures for treating mental disorders. While all methods have provided empirical evidence of their effectiveness in adults according to defined criteria of the "Scientific Advisory Board for Psychotherapy" (in German: "Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Psychotherapie"), i. e.