"To BAL or not to BAL, that is the question": Variations in smoke inhalation injury guidelines from burn units and centres in England, Scotland and Wales.

Aim: To evaluate variations in diagnostic criteria and management recommendations for smoke inhalation injury (SII) amongst the burn networks of England, Scotland, and Wales.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study examining SII guidelines provided by adult burn units and centres in England, Scotland and Wales.

Results: All 16 adult burn units and centres responded.

Size rather than complexity of sexual ornaments prolongs male metamorphosis and explains sexual size dimorphism in sepsid flies.

Male sexual ornaments often evolve rapidly and are thought to be costly, thus contributing to sexual size dimorphism. However, little is known about their developmental costs, and even less about costs associated with structural complexity. Here, we quantified the size and complexity of three morphologically elaborate sexually dimorphic male ornaments that starkly differ across sepsid fly species (Diptera: Sepsidae): (i) male forelegs range from being unmodified, like in most females, to being adorned with spines and large cuticular protrusions; (ii) the fourth abdominal sternites are either unmodified or are converted into complex appendages; and (iii) male genital claspers range from small and simple to large and complex (e.

CRISPR/Cas9 deletions in a conserved exon of Distal-less generates gains and losses in a recently acquired morphological novelty in flies.

Distal-less has been repeatedly co-opted for the development of many novel traits. Here, we document its curious role in the development of a novel abdominal appendage ("sternite brushes") in sepsid flies. CRISPR/Cas9 deletions in the homeodomain result in losses of sternite brushes, demonstrating that Distal-less is necessary for their development.

Hidden in the urban parks of New York City: , a new species of Sepsidae described based on morphology, DNA sequences, mating behavior, and reproductive isolation (Sepsidae, Diptera).

New species from well-studied taxa such as Sepsidae (Diptera) are rarely described from localities that have been extensively explored and one may think that New York City belongs to this category. Yet, a new species of (Diptera: Sepsidae) was recently discovered which is currently only known to reside in two of New York City's largest urban parks. Finding a new species of in these parks was all the more surprising because the genus was revised in 1998 and is not particularly species-rich (13 species).

A randomized controlled trial of an appearance-related smoking intervention.

Objectives: To investigate whether exposure to a smoking-related facial age-progression technique impacts on quit smoking cognitions, nicotine dependence, and self-reported and objectively assessed smoking in young women in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods: eighteen- to 34-year-old women smokers (n = 70) were allocated at random to either an appearance-related intervention (plus usual care) or control (usual care) group. Women completed questionnaires assessing attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention to quit smoking immediately before, immediately after, and four weeks after receiving the intervention or usual care.