[Dyslexia-- a peculiar form of heterophoria?].

The authors discuss the problem of legasthenia--a particular impediment in the learning of fluent reading and orthographic writing. One connects it with a form of heterophoria in which the eyes--because of an inacurate and changeable function of binocular vision are unable to exert precise saccadic movements enabling a binocular or precisely unimacular reading. A childish art of following with the eyes from one detail to the other during the learning of reading must be transformed into minute fixation movements in conditions of a permanent excitation of convergence and accommodation to which the child is not accustomed.

[Effects of inconspicuous bionocular defects, their diagnosis and suggestions for therapy (author's transl)].

Unclear asthenopic complaints are often due to intermittant loss of binocularity. Simple tests are described, based on the characteristic features of physiological binocularity. They can be used to demonstrate an intermittant alternating or unilateral central scotoma which may be the result of the interaction of primarily sensory or primarily motor dysfunctions.