Evaluation of the evidence-based practices for the management of PCOS in the Latin America context: the consensus of the Latin American Association of Gynecological Endocrinology (ALEG).

Objectives: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition affecting approximately 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. However, limited data are available regarding the specific characteristics and needs of women with PCOS in Latin America. This consensus sought to evaluate the evidence-based practices for the management of PCOS for Latin American populations, consolidate regional insights, identify eventual gaps in implementation and identify key research opportunities.

New Treatment Regimens, New Drugs, and New Treatment Goals for Lupus Nephritis.

Lupus nephritis is one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus, affecting roughly 40% of all lupus patients. With the introduction of cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil, outcomes have dramatically improved. However, 10% of patients still progress towards end-stage kidney disease, which carries an elevated mortality rate.

Local resection in rectal cancer: when, who and how?

Local resection (LR) in rectal cancer is indicated in stage T1N0M0 without unfavorable pathological factors, achieving oncologically satisfactory outcomes through transanal endoscopic surgery techniques. However, the initial step involves accurate staging and selection of these tumors through specific tests conducted in specialized colorectal units. For T2N0M0 tumors and T1 tumors with poor prognostic factors, the standard treatment is total mesorectal excision (TME), a procedure associated with high postoperative morbidity and mortality, functional impairments, and reduced quality of life.

Oncological Feasibility of Limited Neck Dissection in cN0 Supraglottic Laryngeal Cancer.

Background: Supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a significant portion of head and neck cancers, with the management of clinically negative necks (cN0) through selective neck dissection (SND) being debated due to potential morbidities and low metastasis rates in levels IIb and IV.

Methods: This study is a retrospective, multicenter examination of the potential feasibility of limited neck dissection (LND), including only levels IIa and III in cN0 supraglottic SCC patients. It analyzed occult metastasis rates and explored relapse occurrences alongside potential predictors of lymph node metastasis.

Predicting the need for step-up after EUS-guided drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections, including Quadrant Necrosis Infection score validation: a prospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: Factors predicting the need for step-up procedures after EUS-guided drainage (EUS-FCD) of peripancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) were explored in retrospective studies restricted to Walled-Off Necrosis (WON) and Lumen Apposing Metal Stents (LAMS).

Methods: All consecutive candidates for EUS-FCD between 2020-2024 were included in a Prospective Registry of Therapeutic EUS (PROTECT, NCT04813055), with prospective monthly follow-up evaluating clinical success, adverse events and recurrences. Prospectively assessed baseline clinical and morphological factors, including the Quadrant-Necrosis-Infection (QNI) classification, were included in a stepwise logistic regression model to predict the need for step-up.