Hematological Adaptations Following a Training Camp in Hot and/or Hypoxic Conditions in Elite Rugby Union Players.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of a training camp with heat and/or hypoxia sessions on hematological and thermoregulatory adaptations.

Methods: Fifty-six elite male rugby players completed a 2-week training camp with 5 endurance and 5 repeated-sprint sessions, rugby practice, and resistance training. Players were separated into 4 groups: CAMP trained in temperate conditions at sea level, HEAT performed the endurance sessions in the heat, ALTI slept and performed the repeated sprints at altitude, and H + A was a combination of the heat and altitude groups.

Safety and efficacy of an oral insulin (Capsulin) in patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes: A dose-ranging phase 2b study.

Aim: To compare the pharmacodynamic properties of different doses of regular human insulin administered in capsule form twice daily in a randomised twelve-week open-label study.

Methods: A total of 100 individuals (48 males, 52 females) with type 2 diabetes on metformin completed the study according to the protocol. The mean (SD) age was 48.

Reliability of bioreactance-derived hemodynamic monitoring during simulated sustained gravitational transitions induced by short-arm human centrifugation.

Precise, sensitive, and non-invasive estimates of stroke volume index (SVI) would facilitate clinical decision making and tracking of cardiorespiratory fitness in space. Thoracic electrical bioreactance (TEBR) is capable of providing valid SVI estimates on Earth; however, its reliability in response to simulated sustained gravitational transitions is unknown. Ten healthy male subjects underwent short-arm human centrifugation (SAHC) equivalent to 1 g and 1.

Physiological Function during Exercise and Environmental Stress in Humans-An Integrative View of Body Systems and Homeostasis.

Claude Bernard's (internal environment) and the associated concept of homeostasis are fundamental to the understanding of the physiological responses to exercise and environmental stress. Maintenance of cellular homeostasis is thought to happen during exercise through the precise matching of cellular energetic demand and supply, and the production and clearance of metabolic by-products. The mind-boggling number of molecular and cellular pathways and the host of tissues and organ systems involved in the processes sustaining locomotion, however, necessitate an integrative examination of the body's physiological systems.

Exercise Heat Acclimation With Dehydration Does Not Affect Vascular and Cardiac Volumes or Systemic Hemodynamics During Endurance Exercise.

Permissive dehydration during exercise heat acclimation (HA) may enhance hematological and cardiovascular adaptations and thus acute responses to prolonged exercise. However, the independent role of permissive dehydration on vascular and cardiac volumes, ventricular-arterial (VA) coupling and systemic hemodynamics has not been systematically investigated. Seven males completed two 10-day exercise HA interventions with controlled heart rate (HR) where euhydration was maintained or permissive dehydration (-2.