Triple inhaler therapy in adolescents and adults with moderate or severe persistent asthma.

Expert guidelines, meta-analyses, and multiple randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of long-acting inhaled antimuscarinic agents (LAMAs) as an additive medication for patients with poorly controlled moderate or severe persistent asthma. LAMAs play an essential role in blocking acetylcholine binding to muscarinic receptors and reducing bronchoconstriction and mucus production. By adding this medication to other combination inhalers, patients can use a triple inhaler to improve FEV1 values and reduce exacerbations.

Worms love Coffee too! Characterizing the neural substrates that regulate odor-guided responses to coffee.

The coffee industry reaches over 80 billion US dollars in revenue partially due to the numerous chemicals that allow for coffee's highly attractive aroma and overall flavor. Many people integrate coffee into their everyday routine; therefore, understanding the attraction to coffee can facilitate, 1) the characterization of its attractive nature, and, 2) allow further understanding of how humans interpret taste and smell on a molecular and cellular level, from initial sensation to higher processing of these complex neural signals. We report that the model worm, , can smell and perform strong attraction behavior using chemotaxis towards various types of coffee odors.

Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Oral Viscous Budesonide in Paediatric Patients with Eosinophilic Oesophagitis in Repaired Oesophageal Atresia.

Eosinophilic oesophagitis is a long-term complication of oesophageal atresia (EA), an uncommon condition that affects approximately 1 in 3500 infants. An exploratory, open-label phase 2 clinical trial was conducted in paediatric eosinophilic oesophagitis after oesophageal atresia (EoE-EA) to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of oral viscous budesonide (OVB). In total, eight patients were enrolled in the study and assigned to a twice-daily dosing regimen of either 0.

Laplace Transform Based Modeling of Drug Delivery with Reversible Drug Binding in a Multilayer Tissue.

Objective: Drug delivery from a drug-loaded device into an adjacent tissue is a complicated process involving drug transport through diffusion and advection, coupled with drug binding kinetics responsible for drug uptake in the tissue. This work presents a theoretical model to predict drug delivery from a device into a multilayer tissue, assuming linear reversible drug binding in the tissue layers.

Methods: The governing mass conservation equations based on diffusion, advection and drug binding in a multilayer cylindrical geometry are written, and solved using Laplace transformation.