Simultaneous Expression of Different Therapeutic Genes by Infection with Multiple Oncolytic HSV-1 Vectors.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are anti-cancer therapeutics combining the selective killing of cancer cells with the triggering of an anti-tumoral immune response. The latter effect can be improved by arming OVs with immunomodulatory factors. Due to the heterogeneity of cancer and the tumor microenvironment, it is anticipated that strategies based on the co-expression of multiple therapeutic molecules that interfere with different features of the target malignancy will be more effective than mono-therapies.

Procoagulant phenotype of virus-infected pericytes is associated with portal thrombosis and intrapulmonary vascular dilations in fatal COVID-19.

Background & Aims: The underlying mechanisms and clinical impact of portal microthrombosis in severe COVID-19 are unknown. Intrapulmonary vascular dilation (IPVD)-related hypoxia has been described in severe liver diseases. We hypothesised that portal microthrombosis is associated with IPVD and fatal respiratory failure in COVID-19.

Chaos theory in the understanding of COVID-19 pandemic dynamics.

The chaos theory, a field of study in mathematics and physics, offers a unique lens through which to understand the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. This theory, which deals with complex systems whose behavior is highly sensitive to initial conditions, can provide insights into the unpredictable and seemingly random nature of the pandemic's spread. In this review, we will discuss some literature data with the aim of showing how chaos theory could provide valuable perspectives in understanding the complex and dynamic nature of the COVID-19 pandemic.