Fractional CO₂ vaginal laser for the genitourinary syndrome of menopause in breast cancer survivors.

Adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy can induce early iatrogenic menopause or worsen pre-existing menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors (BCS). The second most frequent menopausal symptom after hot flushes is the genitourinary syndrome (GSM). Since hormone replacement therapy is contraindicated in BCS, vaginal laser might represent a new nonhormonal option for GSM.

Fractional CO laser therapy: a new challenge for vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of CO laser in the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) in postmenopausal women.

Methods: VVA was assessed in 87 postmenopausal women (mean age 58.6 ± 6.