Evaluating the Frequency of Osmophobia in Tension-Type Headache: A Comparative Study on Migraine.

Introduction Osmophobia is hypersensitivity to certain odors. Although osmophobia is a symptom related to migraine, it is also reported in tension-type headache (TTH). Osmophobia is recommended for inclusion in the migraine diagnostic criteria because it increases sensitivity and shows absolute specificity.

Iatrogenic botulism cases after gastric and axillary application of botulinum toxin and review of literature.

Introduction: Iatrogenic botulism is a rare, serious disease that progresses with descending paralysis and develops after cosmetic or therapeutic botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) application.

Case Presentations: In this case series; six cases of iatrogenic botulism followed up in our center are presented. Four of these developed after gastric BoNT-A and two after axillary BoNT-A application.

Genetic variants of folate metabolism and the risk of multiple sclerosis.

Background And Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of unknown cause. Alterations in one-carbon metabolism have impact in the pathophysiology by genetic susceptibility to MS and increased the risk of MS. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the gene polymorphism on Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (), Methionine Synthase Reductase (), Methionine Synthase ) enzymes and of the essential factors (homocysteine, ; cysteine, ; and vitamin B12, ) in folate metabolism.

Silent Micro-Infarct in Carotid Artery Stenting: Who Has it and Why?

Aim: To compare the postprocedural cerebral diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings in cases of carotid stenosis (CS)-related carotid plaques in terms of plaque morphology, degree of stenosis, and the use of a distal protection filter. Moreover, we used DWI to assess the asymptomatic cerebral embolism rates during carotid artery stending (CAS) operations performed for noncalcified versus calcified carotid plaques.

Material And Methods: Our study included 99 patients admitted to the Ankara City Hospital Stroke Center in 2022.

Chemical and microbiological assessment of drinking water quality.

Background: Access to an adequate amount of water is restricted because of the increase in the use of natural resources, which is caused by the rapid growing in world population and the climate change that global warming brings, and the development in the industry. Investigating the causes of water pollution, creating solutions for the problem, taking the control of the pollution, and maintaining monitorability are necessary.

Objectives: This study was carried out in order to determine microbiological and chemical characteristics of drinking water and their compatibility for human consumption with the aim of providing safety of drinking waters.