Effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on Sorption of Cells of the Electrogenic Bacterium Strain on Carbon Cloth.

Results of a study into the effect of anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate on the sorption of cells of the electrogenic bacteria strain 1-I on the surface of carbon cloth used as electrodes in microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology are presented. Investigations using spectrophotometry, microscopy and microbiology revealed an increase in the degree of sorption of microbial cells on carbon cloth under the action of sodium lauryl sulfate at concentrations of 10 and 100 mg/l. The sorption of cells did not significantly differ from the control at a surfactant content of 200, 400 and 800 mg/l.

Electrochemical Characteristics of the Oxidation of Sulfur- and Iron-Containing Compounds by Acidophilic Microorganisms.

The electrochemical features of the interactions of sulfur- and iron-containing compounds (ferrous sulfate, elemental sulfur, pyrite tailings, cysteine, sodium thiosulfate) with a model acidophilic consortium, including the genera , , , , and , were studied. The method of cyclic voltammetry recorded redox processes at the electrode/solution interface in the presence of the studied sulfur- and iron-containing compounds. In general, the modeling consortium led to the intensification of these processes.

[Mechanism of action of thiophosphoroorganic insectoacaricides containing fragments of N-carbaalkoxylated amino acids].

Toxicity and insecticide and acaricide activity of compounds (1) is significantly dependent on the nature of amino acid (n = 1 or 2) and substituents in carbamate and amino acid ester groups (R and R1). Investigation of interaction of these compounds with mammalian carboxylesterases, and the appropriate "oxones" with choline esterases of mammal and arthropoda revealed that the lower toxicity and activity of beta-alanine derivatives (n = 2) compared with glycine derivatives (n = 1) are due to the more rapid hydrolysis by carboxylesterases (detoxication). The low toxicity of dithiophosphonate with R = Me, R1 = Bu(i), n = 1 and the high toxicity of its isomer with R = Bu(i), R1 = Me, n = 1 are associated with the more rapid oxidative cleavage of isobutyl group in comparison with the other substituents, because detoxication occurs by the cleavage of R1 and activation--by that of R respectively.

[The interaction of phoscarban with the esterases of houseflies and synanthropic cockroaches].

Interactions of phoscarban and its "oxon" with the esterase complex of the house-fly imago and four species of synanthropic cockroaches were studied. Phoscarban and its oxon have a wide spectrum of effects on the esterase complex in cockroaches and flies. These compounds are not specific inhibitors of any of the zones of esterase activity.

[Interaction of various dithio- and thiophosphates containing amino acid fragments with carboxylesterase from rat liver].

The interaction of insecto-acaricides of the general formula (EtO)2P(S)SCH2CONH(CH2)nCH(R1)COOR2 and their activation metabolites (P = O analog) and detoxication products (R2 = H) with rat liver carboxylesterase was studied. The beta-alanine derivative (n = 1, R1 = H, R2 = Et) was rapidly hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase. The valine derivative (n = 0, R1 = H, R2 = Et) was hydrolytically stable, due to steric hindrances imposed by the isopropyl group, and proved to be a reversible competitive inhibitor of carboxylesterase.