Circulating 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium levels, and alkaline phosphatase activity among people living with and without human immunodeficiency virus and injecting drugs in kenya.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) and living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are at higher risk of suffering marked derangements in micronutrient levels, leading to poor disease and treatment outcomes. Consequently, this can be monitored by measuring key biomarkers, such as total circulating (serum) 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D), calcium, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for timely intervention. Therefore, circulating levels of 25(OH)D and calcium, and ALP activity were determined in PWID and are highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART)-experienced or -naive, along with those without HIV infection.

Efficacy of artemisinin-lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated malaria after more than a decade of its use in Kenya.

The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs remains a major impairment in the treatment and eradication of malaria globally. Following the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), there have been reports of delayed parasite clearance. In Kenya, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is the recommended first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria.

Overexpression of rice thaumatin-like protein () gene in transgenic cassava results in enhanced tolerance to f. sp. .

Cassava ( Crantz) is the most important staple food for more than 300 million people in Africa, and anthracnose disease caused by f. sp. is the most destructive fungal disease affecting cassava production in sub-Saharan Africa.

CD4 T-cell expression of IFN-γ and IL-17 in pediatric malarial anemia.

In Plasmodium falciparum holoendemic transmission regions of western Kenya, life-threatening pediatric malaria manifests primarily as severe malarial anemia (SMA, Hb≤6.0 g/dL with any density parasitemia). To determine the role that CD4+ T-cell-driven inflammatory responses have in the pathogenesis of SMA, peripheral CD4+ T-cell populations and their intracellular production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-17) were characterized in children aged 12-36 months of age stratified into two groups: non-severe malarial anemia (non-SMA, Hb≥6.

Factors associated with non-adherence to Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) to malaria in a rural population from holoendemic region of western Kenya.

Background: Over the years, reports implicate improper anti-malarial use as a major contributor of morbidity and mortality amongst millions of residents in malaria endemic areas, Kenya included. However, there are limited reports on improper use of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) which is a first-line drug in the treatment of malaria in Kenya. Knowing this is important for ensured sustainable cure rates and also protection against the emergence of resistant malarial parasites.