Designing human-AI systems for complex settings: ideas from distributed, joint, and self-organising perspectives of sociotechnical systems and cognitive work analysis.

Real-world events like the COVID-19 pandemic and wildfires in Australia, Europe, and America remind us that the demands of complex operational settings are met by multiple, distributed teams interwoven with a large array of artefacts and networked technologies, including automation. Yet, current models of human-automation interaction, including those intended for human-machine teaming or collaboration, tend to be dyadic in nature, assuming individual humans interacting with individual machines. Given the opportunities and challenges of emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, and the growing interest of many organisations in utilising these technologies in complex operations, we suggest turning to contemporary perspectives of sociotechnical systems for a way forward.

An Equitable Electronic Scheduling System for Anesthesiology Residents: A Quality Improvement Project.

Background: Most postgraduate medical education occurs in hospitals in an apprenticeship model with actual patients. Creating a work shift schedule must account for complex factors, including hospital needs, work-hour restrictions, trainee qualifications, and case distribution in order to fairly allocate the resident workload. In this study, we report the first successful implementation of an equitable, computer-generated scheduling system for anesthesiology residents.

A systematic review of the Second Step program.

This article presents findings from a meta-analysis of 24 primary research studies on the Second Step social emotional learning program. Program content knowledge, outcomes related to prosociality, and outcomes related to antisociality are examined as outcome categories in randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and, separately, single-group repeated measures design studies. Students participating in Second Step demonstrated increased knowledge of program content and increased prosocial outcomes.