Co-axis digital holography based on sinusoidal phase modulation using generalized lock-in detection.

Sinusoidal phase modulating (SPM) interferometers are used to precisely measure complex light fields with simple interferometric setups. Recently, a generalized lock-in technique has been proposed for optimizing the signal extraction in phase-modulated interferometers. This article shows its applicability in digital holography as well as digital holographic interferometry.

Plasmonic mode interferences and Fano resonances in Metal-Insulator-Metal nanostructured interface.

Metal-insulator-metal systems exhibit a rich underlying physics leading to a high degree of tunability of their spectral properties. We performed a systematic study on a metal-insulator-nanostructured metal system with a thin 6 nm dielectric spacer and showed how the nanoparticle sizes and excitation conditions lead to the tunability and coupling/decoupling of localized and delocalized plasmonic modes. We also experimentally evidenced a tunable Fano resonance in a broad spectral window 600 to 800 nm resulting from the interference of gap modes with white light broad band transmitted waves at the interface playing the role of the continuum.

Clinical pharmacokinetics of telithromycin, the first ketolide antibacterial.

Telithromycin is the first ketolide, which is a new class of antibacterial agents related to the macrolides that have structural modifications permitting dual binding to bacterial ribosomal RNA so that activity is retained against Streptococcus pneumoniae with macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin(B) resistance. Clinical experience in infectious patients has shown that oral telithromycin 800mg once daily for 5-10 days is effective for the treatment of community-acquired upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Absorption of telithromycin in humans is estimated to be > or = 90%.

Effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics and safety of telithromycin and clarithromycin in older subjects with renal impairment.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of multiple impairments in drug elimination on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (effect on QTc interval), using clarithromycin as a comparator.

Methods: Thirty-two subjects aged > or = 60 years with renal impairment who were otherwise medically stable were recruited into this parallel-group study. Following stratification according to creatinine clearance (CL(CR)), subjects were randomized to a five-day treatment with ketoconazole (400 mg once daily) alone, or a five-day treatment with ketoconazole (400 mg once daily) and telithromycin (800 mg once daily) given concomitantly or a five-day treatment with ketoconazole (400 mg once daily) and clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily) given concomitantly.

Effects of itraconazole or grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of telithromycin.

Study Objective: To determine whether coadministration of the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors itraconazole or grapefruit juice will modify the pharmacokinetic profile of telithromycin, and to assess the safety of telithromycin.

Design: Two single-center, open-label studies; the itraconazole study was nonrandomized, sequential, and multiple dose, and the grapefruit juice study was randomized, two-period crossover, and single dose.

Setting: Two clinical investigative centers in the United States.