The German Stain Commission: recommendations for the interpretation of mixed stains.

In the course of forensic DNA analysis, the interpretation of DNA profiles of mixed stains, i.e. cell material from more than a single donor, has become increasingly more important.

Intramucosal carcinomas of the stomach: phenotypic expression and loss of heterozygosity at microsatellites linked to the APC gene.

Evaluation of the role of somatic genetic alterations in cancer development is best performed by examining small tumors in the earlier stages of carcinogenesis. We examined the relationship between allelic deletions of 4 microsatellites linked to the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and differential histogenetical phenotypes in 34 intramucosal carcinomas of the stomach, of which, structurally, 24 cases were the gland-forming type (so-called "intestinal type") and 10 were the diffuse type. Using mucin and immunohistochemical staining techniques specific for gastric- and intestinal-type mucins, the phenotype of each tumor was histogenetically classified as exclusively gastric, predominantly gastric, predominantly intestinal or exclusively intestinal.

The prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction.

DNA aneuploidy, as determined by flow cytometry, was detected in 36 out of 59 adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction (61.0%). DNA aneuploidy was more frequent in tumors with infiltrative growth pattern and in high pT categories.

Establishment and characterization of two divergent cell lines derived from a human chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

The chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is a distinct type of renal cancer presumably derived from the intercalated cell of the collecting duct system and exhibiting a better prognosis than other types of renal cell carcinoma. Chromophobe carcinomas can be separated from other types of renal cell carcinoma by their characteristic cytomorphology, ultrastructural appearance, cytoskeletal architecture, and cytogenetic aberrations. As no permanent cell line of the chromophobe tumor type has previously been described, we are the first to report on the successful establishment and characterization of two divergent permanent cell lines, ie, chrompho-A and chrompho-B, derived from the same chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

Achalasia-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: flow-cytometric and histological evaluation.

Although the risk of cancer is increased in patients with achalasia, biomarkers of an increased cancer risk have not been evaluated. In an esophagectomy specimen of a patient with achalasia-associated squamous cell carcinoma, normal mucosal and carcinomatous samples were systematically taken for flow cytometry and histology. The distribution of DNA aneuploidy and dysplasia was mapped within the resected specimen.