[Georgia, a country of diverse aid from Germany in the ENT field].

Following a long-term tradition, several teams of German ENT specialists are currently working in different Georgian clinics on a charitable basis. The current paper describes the structures of the medical and health insurance systems in this southern Caucasian country. The course of medical education for physicians in Georgia is portrayed and differences to the German situation which explain why young Georgian colleagues have difficulties when moving to Germany are highlighted.

[Three-dimensional analysis of nasal physiology : Representation by means of computational fluid dynamics].

The human nose takes primary responsibility for preconditioning inhaled air. Numerous pathologies can affect the physiology of the nose. The beginnings of flow analyzes were carried out with three-dimensional casting models and differently colored liquids.

Physiologic and pathologic septal deviations: subjective and objective functional rhinologic findings.

Objective: A high incidence of septal deviation with significant inter-rater variability has been reported. An explanation could be the presence of physiological septal deviation besides pathological ones. We differentiated an unselected cohort by their nasal resistance into groups with physiological normal and pathologically increased resistance to detect differences and analogies in comparison to healthy subjects and a pathological cohort.

Comparative investigations of anatomy and physiology in mammalian noses (Homo sapiens--Artiodactyla).

Background: Knowledge of airflow in animal noses is sparse. Such knowledge could be important for selection of animal models used in environmental studies. From the phylogenetic and ontogenetic point of view, a comparison between the animal and human nose is interesting.

[Diagnostic methods of nasal respiratory function].

Objective assessment of nasal obstruction may help with preoperative planning for rhinosurgery and indicate different aspects of endonasal pathology. To improve quality control, preoperative and postoperative objective assessment is desirable. This review presents objective functional diagnostic tools and explains their appropriate uses, the information obtained, and their limitations.