Pulmonary effects of bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine in parturients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean delivery: a randomised controlled study.

Background: Spinal anaesthesia is the method of choice for elective caesarean delivery, but has been reported to worsen dynamic pulmonary function when using bupivacaine. Similar investigations are lacking for ropivacaine and levobupivacaine. We have therefore compared the pulmonary effects of intrathecal bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine used for caesarean delivery.

Lumbar plexus and psoas major muscle: not always as expected.

Background And Objectives: Conflicting definitions concerning the exact location of the lumbar plexus have been proposed. The present study was carried out to detect anatomical variants regarding the topographical relation between the lumbar plexus and the psoas major muscle as well as lumbar plexus anatomy at the L4-L5 level.

Methods: Sixty-three lumbar plexuses from 32 embalmed cadavers were dissected to determine the topographical relation between lumbar plexus and psoas major muscle.

Spinal versus epidural anesthesia for vesicovaginal fistula repair surgery in a rural sub-Saharan African setting.

Study Objective: To compare spinal anesthesia with epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery for vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair.

Design: Nonrandomized, prospective, clinical, pilot study.

Setting: Rural African hospital with 165 beds.