Hidradenitis suppurativa, from basic science to surgery and a new era of tailored targeted therapy: An expert opinion paper.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by an aberrant activation of innate immunity and increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 17 (IL-17). IL-17 has been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of HS and evidence highlights the potential of IL-17-targeted therapies. The fully human IgG/κ monoclonal antibody secukinumab, which specifically targets IL-17A and inhibits interaction with its receptor, has recently been approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe HS.

Literature review and expert opinion on diagnosis and current management of generalized pustular psoriasis.

Introduction: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic, systemic, autoinflammatory disease characterized by the eruption of sterile pustules, often accompanied by more general symptoms, such as fever, fatigue, and a burning sensation in the skin. GPP can be potentially life-threatening, if untreated, as it can lead to complications, such as sepsis and heart failure.

Areas Covered: In this literature review and expert opinion article, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of GPP.

A novel technique for non- invasive diagnosis of different skin conditions herpes virus-related.

Background: Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a new noninvasive imaging technique that provides high-resolution skin imaging close to histopathology.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of LC-OCT in the diagnosis of herpes virus skin infections.

Methods: Patients with a clinical or anamnestic suspicion of herpes virus infection underwent LC-OCT evaluation followed by Tzanck test.

Reflectance Confocal Microscopy of Dermal Papillae in Healthy Skin: A Histopathology Controlled Study.

Introduction: Previous studies have investigated the density of dermal papillae (DP) in normal skin using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), a noninvasive imaging technique that allows a real-time, high-resolution imaging of the skin, although no histological confirmation was provided. The aim of the present study was to compare the RCM evaluation of DP density in healthy skin with horizontal histopathological sections (HHS), a technique that provides a horizontal view of the skin.

Method: Ten adult patients were selected, and a healthy skin area was marked for RCM examination and a subsequent 5-mm punch biopsy that was processed for HHS.

A Real-World Approach to Trifarotene Treatment in Patients with Acne and Acne Sequelae Based on the Experience of the Italian Acne Board.

Acne and acne sequelae can have an important impact on patients' quality of life, affecting interpersonal relationships and social functioning. Acne-induced scars (AIS) and acne-induced macular hyperpigmentation (AIH), in particular, are a major concern for patients with acne, as their management is challenging and often unsatisfactory. Retinoids are considered the mainstay of acne treatment because of their action on multiple pathogenetic factors, and there is increasing evidence that they can also improve AIS and AIH.