Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection: progress and challenges towards reducing incidence and mortality.

HIV-associated tuberculosis (HIV-TB) is associated with disproportionate mortality: approximately 24% of the 660,000 individuals with TB and HIV died, compared to 11% in those without HIV dying from TB in 2023. HIV is a key driver of ongoing high TB incidence in many countries, particularly in the WHO Africa region, and TB is the leading cause of hospitalisation in people with HIV (PWH) globally. Significant developments have occurred recently with regards to prevention, screening, diagnosis and management of HIV-TB.

Resistance to Dolutegravir in Treatment-experienced Patients in South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Dolutegravir resistance has been reported more frequently in patients with prior treatment experience compared to those on dolutegravir in first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). The widespread use of dolutegravir in resource-limited programmatic settings might facilitate the emergence of resistance. Data on the prevalence of dolutegravir resistance from programmatic settings in Africa are scarce.

Treatment outcomes of bedaquiline-resistant tuberculosis: a retrospective and matched cohort study.

Background: Rising prevalence of bedaquiline resistance undermines benefits from this life-saving drug for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB). Despite increasing awareness, patient-level outcomes for bedaquiline-resistant TB have not been well-characterised and case management poorly defined.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study with matched controls at a TB referral hospital in South Africa.

Development and validation of a time-varying correction factor for QT interval assessment in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients.

Background: Tachycardia associated with active tuberculosis (TB) often diminishes when patients recover from TB. Elevated heart rate (HR) may lead to suboptimal correction, complicating the assessment of QT prolongation when using standard correction factors (CFs), such as Fridericia's formula (QTcF). Olliaro has proposed a CF for QT interval correction in pretreatment TB patients.