Sanctioned countries in the global COVID-19 vaccination campaign: the forgotten 70.

COVAX, the global initiative on COVID-19 vaccines, has set the target of achieving a COVID-19 vaccination coverage of up to 30% of the population of 135 countries in 2 years. Here, we argue that COVAX should anticipate important and unforeseen challenges with regard to sanctioned countries. For those, COVAX needs to provide a higher percentage of the vaccines.

Strategic ignorance and global governance: an ecumenical approach to epistemologies of global power.

How can we account for the role of ignorance and knowledge in global governance? It is a contention of earlier scholarship in international relations and political sociology that knowledge production is tightly coupled with rational action - regardless of whether knowledge widely influences different stakeholders or not. This scholarship equally tends to assume an ignorance-knowledge binary relationship that associates ignorance with powerlessness and knowledge with power. This is a view we dispute.

Antagonistic recursivities and successive cover-ups: the case of private nuclear proliferation.

"Legal recursivity" is a concept introduced by socio-legal scholars to capture the progressive elaboration of transnational rules through policy linkages at the international and domestic levels, and the associated jurisdictional expansion of international institutions to new policy areas. Recursivity can take many forms, and this article introduces the concept of "antagonistic recursivity" to capture a dual process of recursive legal innovation and antagonistic obstruction by the same policy actors. The article shows how such antagonistic recursivity worked in the case of the global fight against private nuclear proliferators after the 2003 revelations about the reach of the A.

Gas chromatography-full scan mass spectrometry determination of traces of chemical warfare agents and their impurities in air samples by inlet based thermal desorption of sorbent tubes.

A sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based analytical method was developed for detection of the chemical warfare agents (CWA) and related compounds in air/vapor samples. The method uses a Tenax TA packed GC liner as an air/vapor sampling tube and Programmable Temperature-Vaporization (PTV) GC inlet as the thermal desorber. This approach eliminates secondary focusing step and allows transfer of desorbed analytes as sharp bands directly to the head of GC column.

Dispersive derivatization liquid-liquid extraction of degradation products/precursors of mustards and V-agents from aqueous samples.

A new derivatization and extraction technique termed as dispersive derivatization liquid-liquid extraction (DDLLE) speeds up the analysis process by removing the requirement for drying of the sample. The derivatization process takes place at the interface between the analyte containing aqueous phase and derivatization agent laden organic phase. The organic phase is highly dispersed using disperser solvent so that the total surface area is large.