Treatment with human immunoglobulin G improves the early disease course in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe hereditary myopathy. Standard treatment by glucocorticosteroids is limited because of numerous side effects. The aim of this study was to test immunomodulation by human immunoglobulin G (IgG) as treatment in the experimental mouse model (mdx) of DMD.

Motor performance of young dystrophic mdx mice treated with long-circulating prednisolone liposomes.

For Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a common myopathy that leads to severe disability, no causal therapy is available. Glucocorticosteroids improve patients' muscle strength, but their long-term use is limited by negative side effects. Thus, pharmacological modifications of glucocorticosteroids are required to increase the efficacy by drug targeting.

Endoscopic transsphenoidal, transclival resection of an enterogenous cyst located ventral to the brainstem: case report.

Background And Importance: Enterogenous cysts are rare tumors found most commonly in the spine, but they have also been reported intracranially. Cases of enterogenous cysts located within the posterior fossa have traditionally been resected via difficult craniotomies that require prolonged retraction and risk injury to cranial nerves. We describe a method for resection of an enterogenous cyst located anterior to the brainstem via the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach.

Reoperative myectomy via the left ventricular apex in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Transaortic myectomy is the standard treatment for symptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy that proves to be refractive to medical therapy. We encountered a case that required a modified surgical approach to relieve a left ventricular outflow tract obstruction that could not be adequately resected through the aortic annulus because of poor exposure of the ventricular septum. Persistent high gradients after the 1st operation necessitated a 2nd operation.

Phase-locked interferometry for automatic mask alignment in projection printers.

This paper describes a mask alignment technique for a projection printer in which the mask-to-wafer offset is determined interferometrically by a phase-locked method. The alignment patterns used in this method are cross grids which are illuminated with a He-Ne laser beam. By diffraction and interference a harmonic intensity signal is obtained whose phase is representative for the relative displacement of mask and wafer.