Fusing subnational with national climate action is central to decarbonization: the case of the United States.

Approaches that root national climate strategies in local actions will be essential for all countries as they develop new nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement. The potential impact of climate action from non-national actors in delivering higher global ambition is significant. Sub-national action in the United States provides a test for how such actions can accelerate emissions reductions.

EMS defibrillation-first policy may not improve outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objective: Early defibrillation using automated external defibrillators (AEDs) has been advocated to improve survival in witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). However, when VT/VF is untreated and prolonged for more than a few minutes, defibrillation using AEDs may fail.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the charts from local emergency medical service (EMS) between the years 1993 to 2001 to evaluate the value of the AED after its introduction into our EMS.

Proliferative bone lesions in rats fed a diet containing glucocorticoid for up to two years.

A glucocorticoid was fed in the diet to 50 Sprague-Dawley rats/sex at 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.

Effects found in a one-year oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats of a novel 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist for the treatment of anxiety in humans.

A potent and selective serotonin (5-HT1A) partial agonist with potential as a human anxiolytic drug was given in oral doses of 0, 5, 15, or 50 mg/kg/day by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 or 12 mo. Some animals were allowed 1 mo to recover after each treatment period. The 10-fold increase in dose resulted in a 20-fold increase in drug plasma concentration due to saturable first-pass metabolism.

Spontaneous vascular neoplasms in aged Sprague-Dawley rats.

Primary benign and malignant vascular neoplasms occurred spontaneously in 8 of 710 male (1.1%) and 4 of 710 female (0.6%) Crl:CD Br strain Sprague-Dawley rats employed in two 2-yr oncogenicity studies (1,400) and as controls in a 1-yr toxicity study (20).