Effects of levonorgestrel butanoate alone and in combination with testosterone buciclate on spermatogenesis in the bonnet monkey.

The spermatogenic effects of levonorgestrel butanoate were studied in adult male bonnet monkeys when administered alone and in combination with testosterone buciclate. Levonorgestrel butanoate (0.25, 1.

Development of methods of male contraception: impact of the World Health Organization Task Force.

Objective: To give an historical record of the research of the World Health Organization (WHO) Task Force to develop methods of male contraception; to examine the social, political, medical, pharmaceutical, funding, and other factors that influenced progress; and to suggest reasons why such methods are only now becoming available.

Design: Review of basic and clinical research over 30 years.

Setting: Task force of a multinational agency and collaborating agencies.

The contribution of Asian scientists to global research in andrology.

Aim: To present a personal account of the involvement of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the collaborative development in Asia of those areas of andrology concerned with male contraception and reproductive health.

Methods: The andrology training through workshops and institution support undertaken by the WHO Human Reproduction Programme (HRP) and how they contributed to the strengthening of andrology research in Asia are summarised.

Results: The author' s experience and the Asian scientific contributions to the global research in the following areas are reviewed: the safety of vasectomy and the development of new methods of vas occlusion; gossypol and its failure to become a safe, reversible male antifertility drug; Tripterygium and whether its pure extracts will pass through the appropriate toxicology and phased clinical studies to become acceptable contraceptive drugs; hormonal methods of contraception for men.

Evaluation of the ability of levonorgestrel butanoate alone, or in combination with testosterone buciclate, to suppress spermatogenesis in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata).

Levonorgestrel butanoate, 0.25, 1.0 and 2.