Analyzing coastal dynamics by means of multi-sensor satellite imagery at the East Frisian Island of Langeoog, Germany.

Monitoring coastal dynamics is critical for the effective protection of coastal environments. Satellite remote sensing data offers significant potential to support this monitoring while also addressing the considerable challenges posed by the rapidly changing environmental conditions in coastal regions, such as tidal levels and currents. These challenges are particularly pronounced in meso- and macrotidal coastal areas.

Trichothecene mycotoxins produced byFusarium sporotrichioides daom 197255 and their effects on spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana.

Trichothecene mycotoxins were produced byFusarium sporotrichioides DAOM 197255 isolated from a spruce budworm cadaver. An extract from the culture filtrate containing these metabolites was toxic to budworm when ingested at concentrations as low as 10 ppm in diet, and survivors were predisposed to infection with a fungal entomopathogen. The possible role of these metabolites in the balsam fir-spruce budworm habitat is discussed.

Enniatins fromFusarium avenaceum isolated from balsam fir foliage and their toxicity to spruce budworm larvae,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Material extracted from hyphae ofFusarium avenaceum, isolated from foliage of balsam fir,Abies balsamea, was toxic to spruce budworm larvae when incorporated into insect diet. The major insecticidal component of the toxic fraction was identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods as enniatin complex, rich in enniatin A/A1. Possible ecological implications of these observations are considered.

Synthesis of pungenin, a foliar constituent of some spruce species, and investigation of its efficacy as a feeding deterrent for spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)].

Pungenin was synthesized from 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone by a short sequence involving manipulation of protecting groups on the 3 and 4 hydroxyl functions. Bioassays indicated that the glucoside is a modest feeding deterrent for sixth-instar spruce budworm larvae, but it does not appear to retard the development of small larvae or lead to increased mortality.