In Vivo Evaluation of 3 Electronic Apex Locators: Root ZX Mini, Apex ID, and Propex Pixi.

Introduction: The aim of this in vivo study was to compare the accuracy of 3 electronic apex locators (EALs) (Root ZX mini [J Morita Corp, Tokyo, Japan], Apex ID [SybronEndo, Glendora, CA], and Propex Pixi [Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland]) to determine the working length.

Methods: Thirty single-rooted human teeth that were scheduled for extraction were selected for the study. Electronic measurements were performed with the 3 EALs.

[Sargassum: the atypical irruption of an ancient ecosystem].

Sargassum constitutes an ancient marine ecosystem that circulates clockwise on the Atlantic Ocean. Upon 2011, the pelagic seaweed which is the main component of sargassum started to reach beaches on 19 Caribbean countries, with environmental, health and economic impacts that need to be addressed urgently.

One-domain approach for studying multiphase transport phenomena in biofilm growing systems.

The one-domain approach (ODA) was used as an alternative to solve fluid-biofilm interfacial behavior in a 2-D model for diffusion-reaction-convection coupled with prediction of irregular growth of biofilms via a cellular automaton strategy. The simulations exhibited errors of <7% compared with the porosity of a previously reported capillary experimental system. Additionally, biofilm surface geometrical aspects were satisfactorily compared with reports of experimental and similar rigorously simulated benchmark systems.

Effect of two viscosity models on lethality estimation in sterilization of liquid canned foods.

A numerical study on 2D natural convection in cylindrical cavities during the sterilization of liquid foods was performed. The mathematical model was established on momentum and energy balances and predicts both the heating dynamics of the slowest heating zone (SHZ) and the lethal rate achieved in homogeneous liquid canned foods. Two sophistication levels were proposed in viscosity modelling: 1) considering average viscosity and 2) using an Arrhenius-type model to include the effect of temperature on viscosity.