Presence of intragraft B cells during acute renal allograft rejection is accompanied by changes in peripheral blood B cell subsets.

B cells have various functions, besides being plasma cell precursors. We determined the presence of intragraft B cells at time of acute rejection (AR) and looked for correlates of B cell involvement in peripheral blood. Renal biopsies at time of AR or stable graft function were analysed for the presence of B cells and B cell-related gene expression, as well as C4d staining.

Identification of Donor Origin and Condition of Transplanted Islets In Situ in the Liver of a Type 1 Diabetic Recipient.

Transplantation of islet allografts into type 1 diabetic recipients usually requires multiple pancreas donors to achieve insulin independence. This adds to the challenges of immunological monitoring of islet transplantation currently relying on surrogate immune markers in peripheral blood. We investigated donor origin and infiltration of islets transplanted in the liver of a T1D patient who died of hemorrhagic stroke 4 months after successful transplantation with two intraportal islet grafts combining six donors.

Increased complement C4d deposition at the maternal-fetal interface in unexplained recurrent miscarriage.

C4d is a footprint of antibody-mediated classical complement activation, and has evolved as a useful diagnostic marker of antibody-mediated rejection. It is unknown if complement activation, as reflected by C4d deposition plays a role in unexplained recurrent miscarriage. In a case-control study products of conception of 35 women with three or more unexplained consecutive miscarriages within 20 weeks of gestation with the same partner (case group), 22 women with one spontaneous sporadic miscarriage and no history of complicated pregnancy(ies) (control group 1), and 40 women who underwent an elective abortion for psychosocial reasons (control group 2) were included.

Beneficial Immune Effects of Myeloid-Related Proteins in Kidney Transplant Rejection.

Acute rejection is a risk factor for inferior long-term kidney transplant survival. Although T cell immunity is considered the main effector in clinical acute rejection, the role of myeloid cells is less clear. Expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) and S100A9 was evaluated in 303 biopsies before and after transplantation from 190 patients.

The possible role of virus-specific CD8(+) memory T cells in decidual tissue.

The most abundant lymphocyte present in decidual tissue is the CD8(+) T cell. It has been shown that most decidual CD8(+) T cells have an effector-memory phenotype, but expressed reduced levels of perforin and granzyme B compared with the peripheral CD8(+) effector-memory T cells. The specificity of these CD8(+) memory T cells has yet to be determined.