Clusters: a new style of organization.

Hierarchy is under siege; managers and employees alike are tired of its rituals, lack of real communication, and delays in decision making. With computer technology now available to diffuse information widely in organizations, many people feel the issue is not where you are, but what you accomplish, that counts. In this article, the authors present the underpinnings of a new organizational form--one that challenges the fundamentals of hierarchy to enable businesses to better meet employee needs and a cost-conscious economic reality.

The effectiveness of composite lining systems in controlling the leakage of leachate from sanitary landfills to groundwater.

Leachate, the hazardous liquid that percolated through the refuse layers of a sanitary landfill, if it leaks through the landfill lining system, can become a serious source of groundwater pollution. In the past, leaks have been detected in many landfills lined with flexible membrane liners (FML) whose failure may be attributed to flaws such as imperfect seaming, rips, and tears of the membrane, or from chemical attack that dissolves the membrane. Recent studies have shown that composite lining systems which include either a clayey subbase or a layer of geotextile in addition to the FML, can substantially reduce the leakage of leachate.

A comparison of the noise sensitivity of nine QRS detection algorithms.

The noise sensitivities for nine different QRS detection algorithms were measured for a normal, single-channel lead II, synthesized ECG corrupted with five different types of synthesized noise. The noise types were electromyographic interference, 60 Hz powerline interference, baseline drift due to respiration, abrupt baseline shift, and a composite noise constructed from all of the other noise types. The percentage of QRS complexes detected, the number of false positives, and the detection delay were measured.

Iron-molybdenum cofactor from nitrogenase. Modified extraction methods as probes for composition.

Five modifications of the preparative procedure for isolating iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMoco) from the molybdenum-iron (MoFe) protein of Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase have been developed. This variety of isolation methods has established that no single component of the original isolation protocol, i.e.