Distinct virologic trajectories in chronic hepatitis B identify heterogeneity in response to nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy.

Background & Aims: The dynamics of HBV viral load (VL) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment and its relationship with liver disease are poorly understood. We aimed to study longitudinal VL patterns and their associations with CHB clinical outcomes.

Methods: Utilising large scale, routinely collected electronic health records from six centres in England, collated by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Informatics Collaborative (NIHR HIC), we applied latent class mixed models to investigate VL trajectory patterns in adults receiving NA treatment.

The charge transport properties of dicyanomethylene-functionalised violanthrone derivatives.

The study of organic small molecule semiconductor materials as active components of organic electronic devices continues to attract considerable attention due to the range of advantages these molecules can offer. Here, we report the synthesis of three dicyanomethylene-functionalised violanthrone derivatives (, and ) featuring different alkyl substituents. It is found that the introduction of the electron-deficient dicyanomethylene groups significantly improves the optical absorption compared to their previously reported precursors -.

Understanding the Impact of SAM Fermi Levels on High Efficiency p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells.

Completing the picture of the underlying physics of perovskite solar cell interfaces that incorporate self-assembled molecular layers (SAMs) will accelerate further progress in p-i-n devices. In this work, we modified the Fermi level of a nickel oxide-perovskite interface by utilizing SAM layers with a range of dipole strengths to establish the link between the resulting shift of the built-in potential of the solar cell and the device parameters. To achieve this, we fabricated a series of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells with no hysteresis and characterized them through stabilize and pulse (SaP), JV curve, and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements.

Views and Uses of Sepsis Digital Alerts in National Health Service Trusts in England: Qualitative Study With Health Care Professionals.

Background: Sepsis is a common cause of serious illness and death. Sepsis management remains challenging and suboptimal. To support rapid sepsis diagnosis and treatment, screening tools have been embedded into hospital digital systems to appear as digital alerts.