Publications by authors named "G M Aldrovandi"
In recent years, human mpox has made multiple resurges, prompting public health professionals to consider factors that lead to the increased risk for the reemergence of other orthopoxviruses. Due to the genetic similarity between orthopoxviruses, vaccinia vaccines used to prevent smallpox transmission are also indicated and have been used for mpox infection prevention and control. In this study, cross-reactive immunity for mpox was observed among individuals with self-reported history of smallpox vaccination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: HIV-1 antiretroviral therapy (ART) alters hormonal contraceptive levels delivered via intravaginal ring (IVR) in a regimen specific manner. We explored the role of the IVR on vaginal microbial communities, vaginal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), vaginal HIV shedding, and the effect of vaginal microbes on hormone concentrations in cisgender women with HIV (WWH).
Methods: Vaginal microbes were assessed by 16S RNA sequencing of weekly vaginal swabs, vaginal SCFA by mass spectrometry, HIV-1 shedding by nucleic acid amplification on vaginal aspirates, and bacterial vaginosis by Nugent scoring from 74 participants receiving an etonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol (ENG/EE) intravaginal ring while on no ART (N=25), efavirenz-based ART (N=25), or atazanavir-based ART (N=24).
Article Synopsis
- Children born to HIV-positive mothers who do not contract the virus face higher health risks, and one potential factor is the gut microbiome shaped by breastfeeding.
- A study of 756 human milk samples over 15 years showed that factors like the number of births, geographic location, and how long a mother breastfeeds influence the milk microbiome, but HIV status and treatment do not appear to change it.
- The research concluded that while the milk microbiome differs based on specific variables involving lactation, it remains unaffected by maternal HIV or treatments, and there is no link found between the microbiome and HIV transmission to infants.
The Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) Guidelines establish a framework to guide the oversight of laboratories supporting DAIDS-sponsored clinical research or trials. Compliance with these guidelines promotes data reliability, validity, and safety of the clinical research or trial participants and laboratory staff and ensures adherence to regulatory requirements. Acknowledgment and adoption of the DAIDS GCLP Guidelines are critical in building laboratory capacity and preparedness for conducting clinical trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: The intricate interplay between HIV and the host microbiota has emerged as a significant area of investigation with therapeutic potential. Despite numerous studies on this complex interaction in adults, vertically acquired infections, which have distinct immunological and virological characteristics, remain relatively understudied.
Recent Findings: Disturbances, including prolonged exposure to HIV and antiretroviral therapy, significantly impact the gut microbiome, though isolating these effects from other influencing factors is challenging.